Compressor for refrigerating apparatus



1924 5 Sheets-Sheet l /M/f-/vraes' FRA/vas T W/e/G//r Alva /EAzP/f M.Wma/wwe Arroz/Vex May 17 1927' F. E. WRIGHT E1- AL COMPRESSOR FORREFRIGERATING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 1

May 17,1927. 1,628,944

F. E. WRIGHT ET AL COMPRESSOR FOR REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Filed Feb. l.1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 2' @ALP/f M WAP/vif? gy @JAL/1,

Arraenfv May 17,1921.

F. E. WRIGHT ET AL COMFRESSOR FOR REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Filed Feb. l.1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 mi fs 1| l WH" i l r* l l m pv a HMI Army .72 .Hfy m3 E j J WM m NSA Y /f/Hf- 4 li 4 NP au l @JZ FR l 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet4 F. E. WRIGHT ET AL Filed F' COMPRESSOR FOR REFRIGERATING APPARATUS May17, 1927.

ay AF. E. WRIGHT ET AL COMPRESSOR FOR REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Filed Feb.l, 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented May 17, 192,7.

unirse s1-sms .rarest ferries.

FRANCIS WRIGHT, QF CLEVELAND, .AND .RALPH MPWARNER, F EAST CLEVELAND,

COMPRESSOR FOB BEFEIGEBATING APPARATUS.

Application Bled February l, 1924. Serial No. $9,833.

Our invention relates to compressors, and particularly to compressorsused in connection with refrigeratinlg systems, wherein a gas iscompressed, liquefied, sent through a 6 circulating system in which 1texpands, and

then returns tothe compressor to be :re-compressed.

The object of our' invention is to .provide a more ready and facilecontrol of the gas,

l" to provide means for relieving the pressure in the compressor incasethe main linebecomes accidentally. stripped,` also to provide meanswhereby the lubrlcating oil employed .in the compressor may be morelreadily exl tracted from the compressed gas. and also to provide meansfor more .readily permit.

ting the influx of the gas into the compressing cylinder and the `effluxtherefrom.

The said invention consists ot' means here- -inafter fully described andparticularly set forth in the claims. y

The annexed drawings and the following description set forth in detailcertain means embodying our` invention, the disclosed means, however,constituting but. one of the various rmechanicalforms in which theprinciple of the nventioninay he employed.

InA the said annexed drawings:

Figure 1 represents a vertical longitudinal section of a compressorembodying the various features of our invention, certain parts, however,cut by the plane of section, being shown in side elevation.

Fig. 2 represents a vertical transverse section taken' upon the planesindicated by lines II-II in Figs. 1 and 3, the latter liein(lr a plan ofthe compressor.

Fig. 4 represents a horizontal section taken the plane indicated by line:IX-1X in Fig. 7,. certain partscut by the plane of section being shownin elevation.

Fig. 10 represents a section taken upon the plane indicated by line X-Xin Fig. 7.

Fig. 1l represents, upon an enlarged scale, a detail' section taken uponthe plane indicated by line XI-XI in Fig. 2.

Fig. 12 represents a section taken u on the plane indicated by lineXI-XI in Fig. 11.

The annexed drawings illustrate our inyention as applied to a duplex 'ortwo cylluder compressor but it is to be understood that the principlesof said invention'may apply to a compressor having one or any othernumber of cylinders.

The illustrated embodiment of our invention comprises a main housing 1whose lower portion 2 forms a closed crank case, the bottom ot' whichcontains the usual supply ot lubricating oil 3, through which the crankspass and splash the oil, as in the usual splash system of lubrication.

The upper part of the housing is provided with a removable top 4 whichis formed with an interior water space 5 ythrough which water iscirculated for cooling purposes. This space is divided by a verticalwall 6, Fig. 3, upon one side of which is the water outlet 7, and uponthe other side of which is the water inlet Ytel as shown in dotted linesin said Figure. The Outlet 7 and the inlet 8 register with the upperends of two vertical ducts 9 9 whose walls are formed integrallyv withthe back wall of the housing. The bottoms of these ducts are connectedto a suitable water inlet 9 upon the plane' indicated by line lV-IVandoutlet (not shown) as will be readily in Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 represents a horizontal section taken upon the planes indicatedby lilies \/-V, in Fi". 2.

Fg 6 represents a horizontal section taken upon the planes indicated bylines VI-VI, in Fig. 2.

Fig. 7 represents a vertical detail secf tion taken upon the planeindicated by line VII- VII in Fig; 2.

Fig. 8 represents a vertical section taken u on the plane indicated byline VIII- ViII in Fig. 7, certain parts cut by the plane of sectionbeing shown in elevation.

Fig. 9 represents a section taken upon understood, such inlet pipebeingshown in 'Flic interior of the housino' is provided with transversewalls 10 and 11, Fig. 2, which are cast integrally with the main portionof the housing, and connected by an upright wall portion 10'. TheseWalls form two enlarged chambers 12 and 13 respectively, and arefurthermore formed with two sets of vertically alined openings 14 and14,. each set forming a seat for a vertical cylinder 15. The bottom ofeach c linder is threaded as at'16 and is remova l secured in its seatby means of a thread collar 17 the connection between the cylinder wallsand the adjacent walls 10 being made gas-tight in any suitablewell-known manner.

' Intermediately of the ends of each cylinder, and thereforecommunicatingwith `the enlarged chamber 12, is a gas inlet consisting ofa plurality of perforations 18 passing* through the sides of thecylinder Wall, Fig. 6. The upper end of each cylinder is provided with agas outlet 19 which is formed in the side of a I'lange 20 extendingupwardly at the top of the cylinder to within a-short distance of theremovable top 4 as shown in Fig. 2. The outlets 19 are locatedrespectively opposite the walls of the waterducts 9-9 as shown in Fig.4, and each is furthermore controlled by a spring-actuated normallyclosed check-valve 21,. This valve is placed opposite an openin'g22closed by a plug 23, said opening being of a size suilicient to permitthe removal of the vvalve upwardly through the top when the said plug 23is removed.

The walls 10 and 11 are so arranged that the rear of the chamber 13extends downwardly and forms a well 24 which is adapted to receive andhold oil. This well communicates with the lower or crank case portion ofthe housing by means of an opening 25 which is controlled by a manuallyoperable valve 26 so that when a given quantity of oil is accumulated inthis well, it may be discharged into this crank case by opening the saidvalve 26.

The gas is compressed in the cylinder by the piston 27 on its up strokeand opens the valve 21 so as to permit of the discharge of suchcompressed gas. The latter discharges through the openings` 19 andimpinges againstfthe cool surface of the walls of the ducts 9. In `sodoing, any oil which is contained therein condenses upon said surface,flows downwardly into and is retained in the well 24 until it isreleased to flow into the crank case as before described.

Such cooling action will also remove the superheat from the gas and thusprevent in jury and deterioration of parts of the apparatus otherwiseaffected thereby. v

The chamber 12 is provided with a horizontally elongated inlet opening28, Figs. 2 and 6, and the chamber 13 with a cylindrical outlet opening29, Fig. 5.

Bolted to the exterior and 'front of the housing is a control assembly30, Figs. 2, 7, and 8. This assemblyy comprises a main body-member 31preferably consisting of a single casting. This member is formed with4 amain inlet 32 and a main outlet 33, to which the ends 34 and 35respectively. of the pipes of the circulating system are connected,asshown in Fig. 7. The inlet 32 communicates with the valve chamber 36formed in the member 31 which communicates with a bottom chamber 37through the valve opening 38. This openin is controlled by a manuallyoperable va ve 39.

Communicating with ythe said chamber 37 and below the valve opening 38is a hori- `will be seen that by removing the plug 42 the screen may bereadily removed or replaced when required. This screen separates anysolid matter which may be contained inthe incoming gas and prevents itfrom entering the chamber 12 and hence the cylinders 15. l

'In the ri ht side of the member 31, as viewed in.x ig. 7, is formedahorizontal duct 44 whose inner end registerswith the cylindricalopening 29 of the chamber 13, and the inner end of this ductcommunicates with a vertical duct 45 whose upper end communicates with avalve chamber, 46 and whose lower end communicates with a valve chamber47, as shown in Fig. 7. The u per opening of this duct 45 is controlledy a manually operable valve 48 and the lower end of said duct iscontrolled by a springactuated relief-valve 49. Below the lower end ofsaid duct 45 is a second horizontal duct 50, F igs. 6.. 7, and 8, whoseouter end communicates withthe chamber 47 and whose inner endcommunicates with the chamber 12 as shown in Fig. 6.

Formed in the bottom of the member 31 and in alinement with the axis ofthe valve 49 is an opening 51 c'osed by a suitable plug and of a sizesufficient to permit of the valve being removed therethrough when thesaid plug is removed from the member 31.

In operating the compressor, the valves 39 and 48 are opened, and thegases from the circulating system pass through the inlet opening 32 intothe valve chamber 36, through the valve opening 38, through the screen41, and then through the horizontal duct 40. vFromthis duct itdischarges into the receiving chamber 12, from which it enters thecylinders through the inlet openings 18. This gas is compressed, asbefore stated, upon the up-strolre of the pistons and ejected throughthe discharge openings 19 into the enlarged chamber 13 after opening thevalves 21. From this chamber it passes out of the opening 29, throughthe duct 44, and thence out of the outlet opening 33 into the receivingend of the circulatin system.

By providing an enlarged cham er, such as 12, surrounding the inletopenings 18, a large body of gas is always present adjacent to theseopenings, so that on the suction stroke of the pistons the requiredquantity' of gas is readily fed into the interior of the Utl cylinders.Likewise, by providing an enparatus after which the valve 55 is closed65 larged chamber surrounding the discharge openings 19 of thecylinders, less resistance is met with in the discharge of the gasesfrom the cylinders and such discharge is therefore more readilyeffected.

In case at any time the circulating system becomes clogged or blocked sothat the gases are unable to pass out of the main outlet opening 33, thecom )ressed gas passes through the duct 44 and actuates the reliefvalve49 to open, as a result of which the duct 44 communicates with the duct50 and the gas pases back into the chamber 12, so that the pumpcontinues to operate and the gas to circulate from the chamber 13 to thechamber 12 and through the cylinders, thereby preventing breakage of theparts.

lve have also provided means for extracting the gases from the interiorof the compressor when it is neces ary to open up the housing for thepurpose of repair, which extraction is highly desirable, especially whenammonia gas is used in the refrigerat' ing sy tem. For this purpose, weprovide the control assembly 3U with the two horizontal ducts 52 and 53,Fig. 10. The inner ends of these ducts are connected respectively withthe chambers 12 and 13. Normally, there ducts are respectively closedupon the exterior with a plug 54 and -a valve 55. Duct 53 is connectedwith a transverse openiug 5G normally closed by a plug 57.

When it is desired, after the apparatus has been run for a period oftime, to merely inspect the valves 21, valves 39 and 4:8 are sluity off.the plug 5T is removed` and a hose connection made with the opening 56,which may run out of doors or into water. The valve is then opened,whereupon the gas under compression in the chamber 13 is allowed toescape until the pressure in such chamber atmospheric. The plug 213i maythen be removed and the required inspection made. the quantity of gasremaining in the chalmber 13 being so small as to be negligi i e.

When it is desired to scavenge all of the gas in the compressor, theplug 54 is removed from the duct 52 and the compressor then operated.valves 39 and 48 being of course sluit otl'. Air will therefore enterthe duct 52, pass through the chamber 12, the cylinders 15. and thechamber 13, until all ot the ammonia gas is removed, such gas, asbefore, passing out of the hose connection.

Before operating the apparatus again after the ammonia gas has beenremoved by this air injection, it will be necessary to remove this air,and this is accomplished by making an ammonia connection by opening upthe valve 55 and operating the compressor with valve 48 closed until theammonia gas displaces all of the air within the apand the plug 57replaced.

le have also provided means for disclosing to outside observation thequantity of oil in the crank case. To this end, an opening 58 in thelower part of the housing, as shown in 2. 11, and 12, is provided. Thisopening is closed by an oil-sight consisting of a glass plate 59,suitabl sealed, which is normally intersected by t e plane of the top ofthe oil supply. The inner end of this opening is obstructed by adownwardly rojecting metal plate 6() which is provided) with a depressedportion G1 forming a duct coinnuinicating at its lower end with the oilsupply and the oil therefore flows from the crank case through 'the ductand into the space between the plate (Si) and the plate 59 so that thelevel of the latter oil is the saine as that ofthe main body thereof.The plate 60 prevents the agitation of the oil in the crank case due tothe churning of the crank and attached parts from heilig communicated tothe space intermediate of the plates 59 and 60 so that this latter bodyof oil is comparatively quieccnt and its level moi'e or less undisturbedby the agitation of the main body.

'hat we claim is:

l. In a compressor, the combination with an exterior housing comprisinga body member and a removable top; of a cylinder within said body memberprovided with a as inlet and a gas outlet; said body mem er beingprovided with interior walls forming a crank chamber and a chamberseparate from said crank chamber communicating with said outlet; saidseparate chamber being provided with an oil pocket having avalve-controlled outlet discharging into said crank chamber below thelower end of said cylinder.

ln a compressor, the combination of an exterior housing: a compressorcylinder and piston in the interior of said housing; said cylinder beingprovided with a suitable gas inlet and a gas outlet; a iai-t of thewalls of the exterior housing orming a duct, adapted to be utilized forthe circulation ot' cooling fluid; said cylinder outlet being disposedopposite such described portion of the housing walls.

3. In a compressor. the combination of a main housing or bod -member anda removable top, the latter ing provided with a water-jacket; a portionof the walls of said main bod member forming a duct adapted to be use(for the circulation of water, said duct being connected with saidwater-jacket.

4. ln a compressor, the combination of a main housing; a cylinder withinsaid housing provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet; a secondaryhousing mounted upon said main `housing and having a main inlet llt) andoutlet, and a duet communicating with said cylinder inlet and said maininlet; a manually operable valve mounted in said secondaryv housing andcontrollingsuch communication; said secondary housing also having a ductcommunicating with said c vlinder outlet and said main outlet; and amanually operable valve controlling such latter communication.

5. In a compressor; the combination of a main housing; a eylinderwithinsaid housing provided with-a gas inlet and a gas outlet; a secondaryhousing mounted upon said main housing and having a main inlet andoutlet. and a duct communicating with said cylinder inlet and maininlet; a manually operable valve mounted in said housing and controllingsuch communication; said secondary housing also having a ductconnnunicating with said cylinder outlet and said main outlet; amanually operable valve controlling such latter communication; saidsecondary housingl being further provided with a second ductcommunicating with said cylinder inlet and which communicates with theduct communicating with the cylinder outlet, and a normally closedrelief valve controlling such last-named connnunication, wherebyindependent circulation of gas may be established through said cylinder.

(i. A control assembly for compressors or the like. comprising thecombination ot a housing member provided with a main inlet and a mainoutlet; an outlet duct communieating with said inlet` an inlet ductcommunicating| with said main outlet` and a second outlet ductconmmnicating with said inlet duct; a manually operable valvecontrolling conununication between said main inlet and tirst-namedoutlet duct; a manual| v operable valve controlling communicationbetween said inlet duct and main outlet: and a relief valve controllingcommunication between said inlet duct and secondnamed outlet duct.

7. A control assembly for compressors or vthe like. comprising thecombination of a housing member provided with a main inlet and a mainoutlet; a chamber below said inlet, an outlet duct communicating' withsaid chamber, an inlet. duct connnunicating with said main outlet, and asecond outlet duct communicating with said inlet duct; a manuallyoperable valve controlling communication between said main inlet andtiretnamed outlet duct; a manually operable valve controllingcommunication between said inlet duet and Said main outlet; a reliefvalve controlling communication' between said inlet duct andsecond-named outlet duct; and a screen in said chamber interposedbetween said irst-named valve and tirst-named outlet duet.

8. A control assembly for compressors or the like, comprising the`combination of a housing member provided with a main inlet and a mainoutlet; a chamber below said inlet, an outlet duct communicating withsaid chamber7 an inlet duet connnunicating with said main outlet, and asecond outlet duet communicating with said inlet duct; a manuallyoperable valve controlling communication between said main inlet andfirst-named outlet duct; a manually op` erable valve controllingconmiunication between said inlet duct and seconduamcd outlet; a reliefvalve controlling commun'cation between said inlet duet and second-namedoutlet duct; and a screen in said chamber interposed between saidlirst-named valve and first-named outlet duct; said screen and reliefvalve being removable from the bottom portion of said housing member.

9. 1n a compressor; the combination of a suitable housing; a compressorcylinder mounted iu said housing and provided with an inlet and anoutlet; valves for controlling the passage of gas to said inlet and`from said outlet: a separate duct communiatiner with said inlet andwith the exterior of the compressor and a separate duct communicatingwith said outlet. and with the exterior ot' the compressor; a removableclosure' for said first-named duct and a removable closure for saidsecond named duet, and a valve for controlling conmiunieation of saidsecond-named duct with the exterior.

Signed by us this 17th day of Januaryl` 1924.

FRANCIS'E. WRIGHT. RALPH M. WARNER.

